Causes of oxidative stress

Magnesium deficiency

Manganese deficiency

Iron deficiency

Copper deficiency

Vitamin D deficiency

Vitamin A deficiency

Autophagy deficiency

Together, these evidences uncover the p62-FOXO1/3 axis as the molecular cue that underlies the impairment of antioxidant defense in autophagy deficiency and suggest its potential involvement in aging, substantiating the impact of inadequate autophagy on mitochondria and redox homeostasis. (R1)