TRP14 reduces cystine and PTP1B
TRP14 TXNDC17 Cystine Cysteine TXNRD1 PTP1B
Magnesium stimulates eflux of cystine from lysosomes
Cystine Lysosomes Magnesium ATPase
Cystine
Cystine CTNS Lysosome Melanosome melanin
Inhibited autophagy blocks xCT transport to the membrane
Autophagy Nrf2 xCT SLC7A11 Cystine
Elevated ethylmalonic acid can be a result of Nrf2 activation
Nrf2 Cystine Persulfides xCT SLC7A11 SQOR