OCD and Impulsivity in Late-Onset Isolated Sulfite Oxidase Deficiency
SUOX OCD Molybdenum Aggression
Exogenous GABA Alleviates Tourette Syndrome-Like Behavior in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Interactions of Coenzyme Q10 and PI3K-Akt pathway
CQ10 Akt PI3K Autophagy mTOR
Reduced Folate Carrier 1 can export thiamine pyrophosphate
Folate Thiamine RFC1 SLC19A1 SLC46A1
UTP is required for vitamin B1 utilization
Thiamine TPP UTP Pyrimidines TPK1
TXNRD1 reactivates oxidized PTP1B
PTP1B TXNRD1 PDGF-beta receptor
Clerodendrum inerme stopped tics
Proteasome Tics Clerodendrum inerme Gaertn Glory Bower Betulinic acid
Activation of WNT3A prevents deactivation of Nrf2 by GSK3b
WNT3A Nrf2 GKS3b Axin1
PDE10A inhibition as a possible treatment of TS
PDE10A cAMP cGMP Phosphodiesterases Tourette Syndrome Basal ganglia
Reduction of OCD by intracellular acidification of cortical neurons
OCD Proton Pump Inhibitor Quinpirole D2R
TRP14 reduces cystine and PTP1B
TRP14 TXNDC17 Cystine Cysteine TXNRD1 PTP1B
Lithium
Lithium Proteasome GSK3b Retinoic acid Beta-catenin PIMT Acetylcholinesterase Hyperreflexia Nystagmus Ataxia
MAPK, p62, autophagy and inflammation
MAPK SQSTM1 p62 Autophagy GABA-A Receptor ULK1 Inflammation NRF2
Beta-catenin downregulates p62
beta-catenin Wnt GSK3b
Higher Nrf2 activation may be needed for activating metabolic genes vs. cytoprotective genes
Nrf2 PI3K Akt PTEN KEAP1
Batten Disease
Batten disease Lysosome
Palmitoylation of Gephyrin
Gephyrin Palmitoylation ZDHHC12 Claudin-3 NLRP3 ZDHHC13 ZDHHC19 SQSTM1 p62 ZDHHC21
Folate deficiency leads to increased autophagosome markers
Folate Autophagy Beclin-1 mTOR mTORC2 mTORC1 Akt
Citicoline affects proteosome in a dose-dependent manner
Citicoline Proteasome Epoxomicin
Streptolysin S inhibits GSK3b degradation, damages mitochondria
Streptolysin S Streptococcus GSK3b Oxidative stress Proteasome
Possible link between Proteolysis, melatonin production and Tourette's syndrome
Proteolysis Melatonin Propranolol GABA Hypertension AANAT cAMP
Muscarinic receptors, tics and GSK3b
Muscarinic Receptors M4R GSK3b Tourette Syndrome Xanomeline Pilocarpine
Nrf2 activation leads to imbalance of carbon metabolism
NRF2 Glutamine Glutamate GSH KEAP1 xCT
Oxidative stress lowers testosterone production
SIRT1 NRF2 Testosterone Progesterone NAM Niacinamide Oxidative stress Hypogonadism Luteinizing hormone
Amoxicillin decreased KEAP1, CPT1, CHOP expression and PPARa transactivation
Amoxicillin NRF2 KEAP1 CPT1 CHOP PPARa Carnitine Tics
Iron Supplementation on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children
Iron ADHD
DRAM1 is a novel susceptibility locus identified in TS
Tourette Syndrome Autophagy Lysosome DRAM1
Autophagy, inositol, lithium and Prolyl Oligopeptidase
Genetic overactivation of Nrf2: consequences and treatment
Nrf2 NFE2L2 Luteolin Ascorbic acid Immunodeficiency Hyperkeratosis Hypohomocysteinaemia G6PD
Iron deficiency may lead to impaired PPI
Iron Iron Deficiency PPI Prepulse Inhibition Schizophrenia
Chloroquine inhibits autophagic flux by decreasing autophagosome-lysosome fusion
Chloroquine Autophagy Lysosome
PI3K/Akt regulates CoA synthesis
Coenzyme A PI3K AKT PANK2 PANK4 Chromium Vanadium
Guanfacine stabilizes lysosomes in high oxidative stress
L-Theanine and tics
Theanine Tics Hyperactive bladder Inflammation PKC ERK p38 NF-bB ICAM-1 IL-33 Oxidative stress Autophagy
DHA inhibits proteolysis
Tics DHA Lysosome Proteasome Ubiquitin Autophagy
Dual role of Biotin in regulating Autophagy
Biotin Autophagy mTORC1
Cytokine Expression in Tic Disorders
Cytokine IL1b TNF-a IL6 IL4 IL17
Copper is a cofactor of SUMF1
Copper SUMF1 Lysosome Lysosomal Storage Disorder Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency Sulfatases
Fear extinction
AKT PI3K Fear extinction MAPK Calcineurin PKA CaMK2 CB1 PP1
Role of MAFF in dampening Nrf2 signal
Nrf2 MAFF Hypoxia HIF1 IL1b TNFa Cytokines
Calcium paradox: deficiency causes overload
Calcium Hypertension
Role of excessive ubiquitination in BH4 deficiency
BH4 Tetrahydrobiopterin GTPCH1 Ubiquitination p62 Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus 2 Autophagy Lysosome
Energy deprivation inhibits Akt
Akt AMPK Energy PI3K IRS-1
Induction of deficiencies by thiamine
Thiamine Elliot Overton Riboflavin Niacin DAAO Risperidone
GSK3b inactivates PDHC
GSK3b PDHC Thiamine Acetylcholine
Klazomania - compulsive, paroxysmal, loud shouting
Beta-Mannosidase Deficiency and TS
Tourette Syndrome Beta-mannosidase deficiency MANBA Lysosome Mental retardation Hearing loos Behavior Infections Mannose N-acetylglucosamine NAG
Macrocytosis (folate/B12 deficiencies) and microcytosis (iron deficiency)
Macrocytosis Microcytosis MCV MCH Folate B12
Activation of the inflammasome NLRP3 by oxidative stress
Inflammasome NLRP3 Oxidative stress GSH H2S
BTBD9 gene and TS
BTBD9 CRL3 Tourette syndrome Iron Autophagy MEIS1 MAP2K5 SKOR1 RLS IRP2
Traumatic Brain Injury impairs degradation of autophagosomes
TBI Autophagy
Pimozide promotes autophagy, used to lower tics
Pimozide Autophagy UPR Tourette syndrome Schizophrenia Psychosis
Reduced autophagy leads to reduction of GABA-A receptors
Autophagy GABA-A p62 SQSTM1
Inhibited autophagy blocks xCT transport to the membrane
Autophagy Nrf2 xCT SLC7A11 Cystine
Role of Allopregnanolone in tics severity
Allopregnanolone Tics Tourette syndrome GABA Interneurons
GSK3b induces autophagy
GSK3b Autophagy mTORC1 ULK1
ASD panel from Igenomix
Genetics Autism Igenomix
ARHGEF9 and startle disease
ARHGEF9 GSK3b GABA receptors Glycine receptors Gephyrin
Nitric Oxide inhibits Methionine Synthase
Nitric Oxide Methionine Synthase Methionine Serine Homocysteine NAME
Inhibition of FECH and Photosensitivity
Photosensitivity FECH Ferrochelatase Heme
Persistent activation of Nrf2 promotes a vicious cycle of oxidative stress and autophagy inhibition in cadmium-induced kidney injury
Nrf2 Cadmium KEAP1 autophagy
NADPH made by NNT in mito from NADH supplied by aKGDH
NNT NADH NADPH aKGDH
Radical SAMe enzyme LIAS and Lipoic acid
Lipoic acid Lipoate LIAS Radical SAMe
RSAD1 is a heme chaperone catalyzing the insertion of heme into hemoproteins
heme iron SAMe RSAD1
Hypoxic Impairment of a Brainstem Locus in Autism
SAMe deficiency impairs assembly of OXPHOS
SAMe Mitochondria Complex I Methylation Iron-Sulfur clusters
Elevated ethylmalonic acid can be a result of Nrf2 activation
Nrf2 Cystine Persulfides xCT SLC7A11 SQOR
SOD1 is an essential H2S detoxifying enzyme
H2S SOD1
Coenzyme Q10 upregulates SQOR and downregulates CBS, CSE
Transsulfuration CBS CSE SQOR CQ10
Chromium inhibits ATP synthase directly
Chromium Mitochondria
Supercomplexes in ETC
ETC Respirosome RET GPD2 CHDH ETFDH SQOR PRODH DHODH
hCTR1 has the capacity to reduce Cu(II)
Copper
Arsenic detox by AS3MT
Arsenic Methylation GSH
Excessive cysteine, H2S and PPI
PPI H2S Cysteine ETC RET Nrf2
Thinking about fasting intolerance and RET
FAO RET Melatonin
GSK3b inhibits CBS
Toxic dopamine inside the cells
Dopamine DJ-1 Oxidative stress
Motor-like Tics are Mediated by Cannabinoid Receptor 2-dependent Mechanism
ECS CB2 Tics Endocannabinoids
Oxidative stress in Tourette's syndrome
Probiotics modulate Akt differently
Akt Probiotics L. reuteri B. Breve S. cerevisiae L. rhamnosus L. acidophilus
Akt is the first responder. Essential role of Vanadium
Akt Nrf2 Vanadium Chromium
Risperidone and Olanzapine induce ER stress
Risperidone Olanzapine ER Stress Obesity Hypermetaoblism Antipshycotics
Vanadate inhibits PTP1B
Vanadium PTP1B Obesity Insulin Leptin Anxiety Inflammation
Role of Vanadium in Akt signalling
Vanadium Akt GSK3b Chromium Inositol PI3K SCD Oxidative stress PTP1B PHLPP FAS PEPCK PTEN
Genes Can Move From the Maternal to Infant Microbiome
Myristic acid and Akt protein
AKT Myristic acid
NAD supresses Akt activation via SIRT7-FKBP51-PHLPP
AKT SIRT7 NAD PHLPP FKBP51 GSK3b
Why fever can improve symptoms in some kids
Akt Fever GSK3b
GSK3b regulates Gephyrin
GSK3b Gephyrin GABA Lithium
Ketamine is a GSK3b inhibitor
GSK3b Ketamine OCD Depression AMPA
Myrrh essential oil is an nrf2 activator
Essential oil Myrrh Nrf2 HO-1 Oxidative stress
GSK3b explained
GSK3b BDNF Depression Anxiety UPR REDD1 mTOR CHOP IGF-1 EGF WNT PKA CaMK2 PP2A PP2B
Suspected role of Chromium in disinhibition
Disinhibition Binge Eating Disorder Chromium
Dopamine signalling inhibits Akt, leading to activation of GSK3b
Dopamine GSK3b Akt Lithium
GSK3b the pacifier
GSK3b HIF1 NRF2
Astrocyte metabolic coupling in Tourette syndrome pathogenesis
Astrocytes Tourette syndrome
Hypoxia increases ROS production and activates Nrf2
Hypoxia Nrf2 Apnea Oxidative stress
Hypoxia and GSK3b
hypoxia GSK3b HIF-1 OCD Nrf2
Creatine activates AMPK and induces PGC1a
Creatine PGC1a AMPK
Mitochondrial oxidative stress: blood-brain barrier disruption
Oxidative stress
Hypoxia lowers selenium metabolism
Selenium SCLY Hypoxia
Fat processing depends on PGC-1a
PGC1a Fasting Fat oxidation NAD Methylation potential
Methylation potential and perception of pain
Methylation potential Pain TRPA1
H2S clearance and reversal of ETC, role of CQ10
H2S Prepulse inhibition CQ10 Startle
AMPK and fear extinction
AMPK Fear extinction
Redox homeostasis, DNA damage and OCD
OCD Oxidative Stress
Retinoic acid and NAD
NAD Retinoic acid
Distinction of Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis between CDP-Choline and PEMT pathways
Phospholipids CDP-choline PEMT
High level of Endocannabinoids in CSF in TS
Tourette Syndrome ECS
Elevated DHA and DHA/AA ratio in ASD
DHA Phospholipids
Nrf2 might be inhibiting heme synthesis
Heme Iron SFN ALAD
Blocking sequential subcircuits in their hyperglutamatergic CSTC loop halts tics
Tourette Syndrome CSTC
Low methylation potential leads to hypermethylation of genes
FADS2 Methylation potential Phospholipids hypomethylation hypermethylation
Low GSH may not allow the resolution of the inflammation
GSH Inflammation Resolvins PGE2 PGD2 Prostaglandin DHA EPA Lipoxin
Overview how inflammation is initiated and resolved
Inflammation Resoleomics EPA DHA PGE2 PGD2 resolvin E1 prostanoid D1 VEGF LOX-5 COX-2
DGLA is able to abolish tardive dyskinesia
DGLA GLA Linoleic acid Tardive dyskinesia OCD phospholipids Tourette Syndrome Heme Iron
Arachidonic acid and DHA are probably the true Essential Fatty Acids
Phospholipids ARA DHA EFA
Cases of Tourette’s Syndrome and Aripiprazole
Tourette Syndrome Aripiprazole
Arachidonic acid synthesis requires heme
Arachidonic acid Iron Heme ECS
Maternal PUFA imbalance and anxiety in offsprings
PUFA phospholipids anxiety
Canadian Guidelines for the Evidence Based treatment of Tourette Syndrome
Tourette Syndrome Guidelines
Altered phospholipid and creatine in OCD
OCD Phospholipids Creatine
Nrf2 activation depends on NAD status
Nrf2 NAD BACH1 SIRT6
Cannabidiol induces antioxidant pathways
CBD ECS NRF2 Oxidative stress BACH1
High folic acid intake dysregulates hepatic cholesterol
Folic acid Cholesterol Methylation
Tricyclic Antidepressant and ECS
ECS antidepressants
Paracetamol and ECS
Paracetamol Acetaminophen ECS FAAH Tics Thoughts
Quality of Life and a Surveillant Endocannabinoid System
ECS anxiety depression
Medicinal cannabis markedly reduced OCD
OCD Cannabis ECS Case report
Opposite effects of NAM and Melatonin
Melatonin Nicotinamide Methylation Oxidative stress
Neuropulse announcement
neuropulse Wearable
NNMT regulates methyl donor metabolism
NNMT Methylation BHMT AHCY MAT1A
MS and SAHH might be cuproenzymes?
SAHH Copper Methionine synthase
Copper and SAHH
Methylation SAHH Copper
A clinical trial launched for a wearable device for TS
Clinical trial Wearable
Iron deficiency in mothers is associated with tics disorder in children
Iron Tics Tourette syndrome
Uranium inhibits Nrf2 activity
Uranium Nrf2 CSE CBS H2S
Vitamin D and pediatric OCD
Case Report Vitamin D OCD
Oral Iron Administration
Iron Ferritin Anxiety Depression Concentration Insomnia
Trace elements and tics disorder
Zinc Copper Iron Tics Tourette syndrome
PANS and low ferritin
Ferritin Iron PANS
Serum ferritin level and tic severity
Tourette Syndrome Ferritin Iron Tics
OCD and CBS
OCD CBS
Impaired PPI and Omega-3 deficiency
Prepulse Inhibition DHA OCD PPI
CBD medication downregulates GSK-3β
GSK3b OCD CBD WNT ECS
GSK3b is upregulated in OCD
OCD GSK3b WNT circadian
Oxidative Stress and OCD. Part 1
Oxidative Stress OCD
Oxidative stress and OCD. Part 2
Oxidative Stress OCD Malondialdehyde Glutathione
DAG and antidepressants
Phospholipids Lipids DAG
High serotonin & anxiety
Serotonin Anxiety
Copper-reducing enzyme CYBRD1
CYBRD1 Copper Ascorbic acid
m6dA increases expression of BDNF during fear extinction
Fear extinction Methylation BDNF
Excess S-Adenosylmethionine inhibits methylation via catabolism to adenine
SAMe Circadian Methylation
Lactobacillus reuteri increases Oxytocin
Probiotics L.Reuteri oxytocin
Melatonin is a pro-oxidant
Melatonin Oxidative stress
Methylation deficiency disrupts biological rhythms
Methylation Circadian
SAMe stabilizes CBS enzyme
CBS SAMe Oxidative stress
Nrf2's ability to activate is dependent on methylation
Nrf2 Methylation potential
Binding of Nrf2 to DNA is increased by methylation
Methylation PRMT1 Nrf2
Hypermethylation of D2 receptor in TS
Methylation Dopamine Tourette syndrome
Methylation potential is a key metabolic sensor
Homocysteine Methylation
Overactivation of Nrf2 induced tics
Nrf2 Tics
Overactivation of Heme Oxigenase 1 early in life leads to symptoms similar to schizophrenia or Parkinson's disease
Schizophrenia HMOX1 HO1 Nrf2 Oxidative stress PPI Hyperkinesia olfaction
Alternative explanation how Nrf2 activation works
Nrf2 KEAP1
Inactivation of TrxR1 leads to Nrf2 activation
TXNRD1 Selenium Nrf2 KEAP1
Mercury inhibits Nrf2 activity
Mercury Nrf2 Selenium
WNT methylation: Link between methylation potential and fear extinction
Fear extinction Beta-catenin WNT Methylation
MAT2 in the nucleus
MAT2
DNA methylation
Methylation DNMT1 DNMT3A DNMT3B DNMT3L
DNA methylation, plasticity, behaviour
Plasticity Memory Methylation
Phosholipids methylation and brain volume
Phospholipids Methylation
Chronic oxidative stress impairs Nrf2 activation
Nrf2 Oxidative stress
MeB12 can donate methyl groups to DNA when SAMe is absent
Methylation Cobalamin
Retinoic acid inhibits Nrf2
Retinoic acid Nrf2
Glutathione affects our ability to burn fat for energy
GSH FAO
Cysteine and cobalamin
Selenium Cobalamin Cysteine Oxidative stress
Chromium has a positive effect on oxidative stress
Chromium Oxidative Stress
Heme biosynthesis depends on acquisition of iron-sulfur cofactor
Heme Porphyrins Iron
Role of MoCo in FAD synthesis is not confirmed
Molybdopterin MoCo FAD FMN FADS FLAD1 Cobalt
PPP and glucose switch
PPP NADPH GSH
Copper deficiency upregulates GSH synthesis
Copper GSH Oxidative stress
Key role of GSH in uptake of copper
Copper GSH Oxidative stress
On Importance ofĀ GlutathioneĀ in Cobalamin metabolism
Cobalamin GSH Aquacobalamin Glutathionylcobalamin
Cellular Uptake of Cobalamin
Cobalamin CD320
A note on Copper and Molybdenum
Copper Molybdenum Tics
Mitochondrial dysfunction that blocks healing and recovery
Robert Naviaux CDR